Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. It involves the repeated use of substances in ways that can lead to health problems, addiction, and negative consequences in various aspects of life such as relationships, work, and legal issues.

Substance abuse can take many forms, including:

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1. Alcohol abuse: Excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages leading to health problems, impaired judgment, and social issues.

2. Drug abuse: Misuse of prescription medications or illegal drugs such as opioids, cocaine, methamphetamine, or marijuana.

3. Polydrug abuse: Concurrent abuse of multiple substances, which can increase the risk of adverse effects and complications.

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Substance abuse often develops due to various factors, including genetic predisposition, environmental influences, psychological factors, and social pressures. Treatment for substance abuse typically involves a combination of behavioral therapies, counseling, medication, and support groups. It's essential to address substance abuse promptly to prevent long-term health problems and improve overall quality of life.